There are five universally accepted features that characterize a 5th-generation fighter aircraft: stealth, advanced maneuverability, advanced avionics systems, multi-role capabilities, and network or data fusion capabilities. The fifth-generation aircraft began in 2005 with the induction of the US F-22 Raptor into the US Military. The F-22 had long reigned as the undisputed 5th-gen ruler of the skies, zooming much ahead of Russian SU-57 and Chinese J-20.
In contrast, a 6th-gen aircraft is likely to comprise everything that defines a 5th-gen fighter jet besides some additional features. There is a school of thought which believes that the next-generation aircraft could be unmanned, whilst maintaining the option of keeping a manned crew. While this is purely speculation, there may be some merit to this as air forces the world over are working on their loyal wingman concept of pairing a manned aircraft with one or multiple Drones.
Combat drones like the Russian Hunter-B combat drone and the American Valkyrie are AI-enabled drones. Swarm drones are likely to feature in the 6th-Gen fighter programs. Sophisticated AI-driven heads-up displays and data fusions to enhance a pilot’s situational awareness and reduce cognitive load during air combat. These systems may be akin to a boxer’s coach guiding the pugilist during the middle of an intense bout, helping with a perspective that may not be seen in the heat of combat. Such features are already existing in 5th Gen fighters and may become more democratized in next-generation aircraft.
An additional aspect that may truly mark 6th Gen fighters would be the ability to operate in previously non-permissive environments with lowered operational risk. This may be achieved by leveraging a combination of low observable technology and advanced electronic warfare capabilities including the laser-induced plasma filament holograms which may spoof enemy air defense systems and hostile infrared missiles.
Mark Stephen, a laser expert at Lockheed Martin, while speaking to reporters said – “Lockheed Martin is working to fly a laser on tactical fighters within the next five years,” We’re spending a lot of time to get the beam of lasers.”
Most jets are restricted to passive defense mechanisms against missile attacks from enemy forces. The aircraft in a bid to evade attacks can either fly outside the missile’s sensor arc, launch flares to distract an infrared missile seeker, or confuse the missile guider by spreading strips of aluminum foil, known as “chaff”. The pod-mounted lasers should equip the fighters with an effective means to take down threats. It is pertinent to note that of 6th-gen capabilities and what they may constitute remain a hypothesis. Furthermore, there are no clear-cut generational distinctions and there may be broad overlap. Another point worth noting is that the 5th Gen jets like F-22 or F-35 are not that old and only began around 2005 and most of the nations do not have access to fifth-gen technology.
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